A New Gut Theory
The current data on a grand unified theory (GUT) is that gravity is the only force that cannot be unified. However, I would like to propose a theory that unifies gravity and electro-magnetic force fields while eliminating the strong and weak forces. This then would result in only one force which would be the electromagnetic (EMF) with its dual nature and which we know exists and was thoroughly researched.
The reason for this is simple. Gravity and EMF have two pronounced similarities. They both extend to infinity and are inversely proportional to the square of the distances from their sources. A recent similarity was announced that they both have the same velocities. On the other hand, the other two forces which are the strong and weak, have no similarities with any other forces.
Now if the attraction component of the EMF is slightly greater than the repulsive component, by about 10-37, this would create a gravitational effect equal to the force of gravity 1.
. And the strong and weak nuclear forces? It just does not seem probable that a force that is 137 times stronger that the EMF should have such a short range as 10-15 meters. This is the diameter of one nucleon (proton or neutron). Another fact to discredit the strong force is the lack of atomic mass numbers (protons plus neutrons) 5 and 8 2. Also, atomic mass number 6 and 5 if it existed, would have stronger binding forces within their nuclei than atomic mass number 4 (the helium nucleus) which has the strongest binding force within the low mass range.
There are three nuclei with mass numbers (A) 4, 5 and 6. The first is the helium nucleus with mass number 4. With a SF concept of nucleus contact, there would be six contact points between each nucleon and the range of this strong force extends to just the width of each nucleon. In the 5 nucleon nucleus, there would be eight and one half. This would have to be a stronger bound nucleus than the helium nucleus. I had an illustration for this but was unable to reproduce it here. In the atomic mass number 6 nucleus, there would be twelve contact points which should be bound much more strongly than the helium nucleus. If the strong force is real, then these discrepancies would not exist.
Then there is the atomic mass patterns that reflect stability in the nuclei referred to as the ‘magic numbers’. There is also the spectral characteristics of these nuclei that exhibit quantum effects that a gravitational type of force (which is the nature of the strong force) would not possess3.
If the strong force does not exist, then what is the binding force within these nuclei? My theory is that the particles within these nuclei spin at extremely high velocities where the outer portions approach closely to the velocity of light and coupled with their high permeability to magnetic fields because of their high mass density, would create the strong binding force needed to hold these nucleons together. The orientation of the magnetic fields and the direction of spin of these particles and portions of nuclei, could account for the missing mass numbers 5 and 8 as well as all the characteristics.
1 Although I arrived at my theory independently, H. A. Lorentz, the famous physicist, had the same idea at the beginning of this century. Refer to “Progress in physics” by A. Shuster, pages 156-157.
2 Refer to “Introduction to Atomic and Nuclear Physics” by H. Semat” 4th edition, p. 588.
3 Refer to “Basic Concepts of Nuclear Physics” by Stearns, p 36 and 60.