E = mc^2
This is Einsteins Mass Energy formula that I decided to do a Dimensional Analysis for its credibility.
Let us take the 1st component that is 'energy', for its applications. Here there are too many variations for any specific applications if it were to be used in reference to the universe.
So let us confine it to the largest sources of energy.
The greatest single source of energy in our universe is the light radiated by the stars. My estimate would be that this light amounts to about 95% of all the energy. This light has NO mass. So E'n's formula would be useless here.
So now we have just 5% available for E'n's formula application.
Since he has mass as a componant, we could apply it to the deBroglei matter waves created by the electrons.
The electron in hydrogen atoms Ground State, radiates a 'standing contiuous sign wave as illustrated in the older physics books.
But this radiation does NOT radiate or absorb any energy!
The Bohr planetary model of the HA, tells us that the HA's radiate energy only when an electron has been bounced to an outer orbit to absorb a quanta and then as it is drawn back to its original state, it radiates a quanta (emission state) of energy.
So this is the nature of Plancks pulsed light that we see and the plants 'absorb' for their growth. The Balmer series of light is second in energy to the Lyman series.
Again, this light has no MASS, so E'n's formula here is useless again.
There is one source of energy that does come directly from matter decay that could give E'n some credibility and that is the POTENTIAL energy that is radiated by elemental decay by the heaviest of elements.
This energy is utilized by the Nuclear Reactors to create electricity.
Also, the final form of star life is the neutron stars that have burned themselves out. My opinion is that these neutron stars are decaying to generate all the Gamma Ray Bursters that permeate space. These have been detected to be HIGH velocity protons.
There is an enormous amount of these protons in space but their energy cannot be utilized.
So, we have to conclude that E 'n's formula is useless in a total sense..
Cosmo