Please help me with these fundamental concepts (:
I have a few questions. Sorry if it seems a lot!!
[1] Why does water added to COX easily form CO2H, while HCl added to CO2H does not form COX ? (X being a halide)
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Does this have something to do with varying electronegativities?
[2] Can CONH2 be used as a nucleophile? Why?
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I have a vague idea, but i'm not too sure. Although N has a lone pair of electrons, maybe C=O attracts away electron density, leaving the availability of the lone pair on the N atom lower?
[3] Why can't CO2H react with phenol while COX can?
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I'm really not too sure about this one, although I do believe it's something to do about the overlapping p orbitals of the benzene ring...
[4] Why can't CO2H and CONH2 react to form amide linkage? Why only COX?
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I think it's slightly similar to the first question..
[5] Why is there resonance in COO- anion?
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For this, I do know that there is a C=O and a C-O bond present, but I do not know the real reason why electrons can jump between bonds?
[6] What is so different about a ketone and an aldehyde, such that their reactions are different? (Since for a ketone, it is an alkyl group while an aldehyde it is a mere H atom)
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I'm simply bewildered by this, please enlighten me.
[7] Why can only -COCH3 or -CH(CH3)OH react with I2 with NaOH (iodoform test) ?
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I think it's something to do with I2, but i have not much of an idea.
[8] In reversible reactions like esterification, how do you maintain stability of the salt formed?
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I know something must be done, but I don't think a catalyst works because it increases both forward and backward reactions
[9] Why does Tollen's reagent work for all aldehydes, while Kehling's reagent works for only aromatic aldehydes?
[10] Why is it that 2,4-DNPH can only react with ketones, but not aldehydes, CO2H or COX?
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